Saturday, 20 January 2024

Empowering Your Business: A Comprehensive Guide to Selecting the Perfect UPS System.

 



In today’s dynamic business environment, uninterrupted power supply is crucial for the smooth operation of various electronic devices. Power outages and fluctuations can lead to data loss, equipment damage, and productivity loss. That’s why selecting the right Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) is paramount for businesses. Costa Power a leading player in the industry, is here to guide you through the process of choosing the ideal UPS battery system for your specific needs.

Before diving into the options available, it’s crucial to understand your power requirements. Different businesses have different power backup supply needs, and the UPS system you choose should align with the criticality of your operations. Consider factors such as the number of devices to be connected, the power load, and the duration for which UPS backup power is needed.
In essence, a thorough understanding of your power requirements sets the foundation for a tailored UPS solution. By considering factors such as the number of connected devices, power load, and required backup duration, you can make an informed decision that not only protects your equipment but also ensures seamless operations during power disruptions. Costa Power is committed to guiding you through this process, ensuring that the UPS battery dealers you choose perfectly aligns with the unique power needs of your business.

Types of UPS and Their Usability:
1. Offline UPS /Standby UPS:
• Ideal for basic protection against power outages.
• Offers a seamless switch to battery power in case of a power failure.
• Suited for personal computers and small office equipment.

2. Line-Interactive UPS:
• Provides better protection against power fluctuations.
• Offers automatic voltage regulation (AVR) to stabilize voltage levels.
• Suitable for small to medium-sized businesses with sensitive electronic equipment.

3. Online/Double-Conversion UPS:
• Offers the highest level of protection against power disturbances.
• Constantly powers connected devices from the battery, ensuring no switchover time during power outages.
• Ideal for critical applications such as data centers, servers, and medical equipment.

Costa Power deals in global brand ups, including APC, Vertiv, BPE, Numeric, Hitachi, Luminous, Microtek, Delta and more ensuring a diverse range of options to meet your specific requirements.

Choosing the Right Battery:
When it comes to powering your UPS, the type of battery you select is equally critical. Sealed Maintenance-Free (SMF) batteries and tubular batteries are two common options.

SMF Battery:
SMF batteries are maintenance-free and sealed, making them convenient and easy to handle. They are known for their compact design and are suitable for applications where space is a constraint. SMF batteries are ideal for UPS systems in smaller setups, providing reliable and efficient power backup.

Tubular Battery:
Tubular batteries, on the other hand, are robust and have a longer lifespan compared to SMF batteries. They are designed to withstand deep discharges, making them suitable for environments with frequent power fluctuations. Tubular batteries are an excellent choice for businesses with larger power backup needs and those looking for durability and extended performance.

Costa Power offers a range of batteries to complement your chosen UPS system. We deal in various brands, including Exide, Quanta, and Rocket, ensuring that you have access to high-quality batteries that match the reliability and performance of your selected UPS system. Whether you opt for SMF or tubular, our battery solutions are tailored to meet the diverse needs of your business.

Selecting the right UPS is a critical decision for businesses aiming to safeguard their equipment and ensure uninterrupted operations. As trusted UPS suppliers in India, Costa Power Industries Pvt. Ltd. provides a diverse range of UPS systems and batteries to meet your specific requirements. With options from various brands and types, we ensure that you get the best-in-class power solutions. Contact us today for expert advice and reliable power solutions tailored to your business needs.

Costa Power also offers amc services, amc vendor, ups repairing services in India. As Costa Power deals with various ups manufacturers in India, we have a profound experience in ups repairs, ups battery replacement, ups battery installations and we also provide ups amc contracts as per requirements. Being one of the top ups dealers in Mumbai, we also collaborate with other ups battery dealers, ups power suppliers, ups dealers in Mumbai, industrial online ups dealers in order to meet customer requirements.


Saturday, 13 January 2024

Buy from Best Emerson Liebert Online UPS Dealers & Distributors in Mumbai

 



Emerson Liebert Online UPS System has fully IGBT Double Conversion technology, it can be fully adapted to meet diverse requirement in terms of battery backup time, power redundancy and configuration and also at the same time delivers the best protection for your equipment’s.

Emerson Liebert UPS also provides extraordinary saving on installation and running costs and also reduces the need for heavy equipment like generator sets, circuit protection, cabling and transformers, etc. for enabling uninterrupted power. Emerson Liebert UPS has different models ranging from 600VA – 4800KVA.

Emerson UPS caters to various applications that include small computer rooms, data centers, critical facilities, hosting places, desktops and even emergency lighting. Even many departments like cloud computing and mobile telephony industry are using Emerson UPS to support them during power difficulties. In the case of critical operations, an UPS is highly desired and hence any type of backup power supply cannot be used. In such cases Emerson UPS comes in handy. These can be customized as per the needs of the client and business. The wide range of applications and the customer friendly support is what makes Emerson UPS a favourite among many clients.

Costa Power Industries Pvt. Ltd. is a having global exposure as Manufacturer, Suppliers, Distributor and dealers of ups systemuninterruptible power suppliersups power suppliers in mumbaiEmerson ups suppliers in mumbaiEmerson ups dealersEmerson ups dealers in Mumbai. As headquarter is in economic capital of India, located in Mumbai and branches at PAN India. We had started its operation in the field Since year successfully offering turnkey project services in the field of Electrical, Automation, Instrumentation, Energy Saving and Control with qualified & experience working team with solid technical background.






Thursday, 3 August 2023

Online – Offline ups dealers in Mumbai

 


An uninterruptible power supply or uninterruptible power source (UPS) is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source or mains power fails. CPIPL is trustworthy leader in uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is a device that allows a computer to keep running for at least a short time when the primary power source is lost. Emerson ups devices also provide protection from power surges. A UPS contains a battery that “kicks in” when the device senses a loss of power from the primary source. Costa is renowned ups dealers in Mumbai for any required battery backup for industrial & commercial requirement.

Costa suggests & deals in varied types of UPSs and their attributes often cause confusion in the data center industry. Costa believes as ups dealers & it is widely believed that there are only two types of UPS systems, namely standby UPS and online UPS. And we supply both standby ups in Mumbai & online ups in Mumbai with all capacity.

CPIPL is supplier for standby UPS in Mumbai which runs the computer off of the normal utility power until it detects a problem. … A power inverter simply turns the DC power delivered by the battery into 120-volt, 60-Hertz AC power. In a continuous UPS, the computer is always running off of battery power and the battery is continuously being recharged.

Online ups term refers to the condition when converter is in operation when power in the line is present. Offline ups mode refers to a condition when converter operation start after the main line is off or not available. Therefore, online UPS is a stage which is introduced between the load and mains. And we proudly introduce ourselves as online ups dealers in Mumbai as well in all parts of India with all rating.

An online UPS system comprises four main parts: A rectifier/charger block, a UPS battery, an inverter and a static switch. The online UPS has an internal static bypass circuit that is the first line of defense should you experience a failure within your UPS system. The rectifier has two main functions the battery is the heart of your UPS system. CPIPL is leader as ups dealers & ups supplier and distributors for online ups & offline ups with all parts.

CPIPL deals in UPS Systems in Mumbai of make like VertiveNumericHitachiMicrotek & Luminous ups .A 3 phase supply can deliver more electrical power than a single phase supply. … A 20kVA output is generally the largest single phase UPS system available. This is due to the output amperage and cable requirements.

As long as the input voltage is within the AVR correction range, lineinteractive UPS systems regulate the output voltage without using battery power. … During an outage, the lineinteractive UPS converts the stored DC (battery) power into regulated AC output power to support the connected equipment load.

A device similar to a UPS is an SPS (standby power supply). An SPS contains a battery like the UPS, but the battery provides power to the computer only when it loses AC power. It does not provide constant power, like the Ups. we deliver service and Sales for all UPS & SPS segment as ups dealers & ups amc services and ups amc vendors.

CPIPL offers Offline UPS that are designed to operate with raw input power supply during under voltage. But On line UPS never operate with input power supply, we just give the raw supply to the input terminal and the unit output will be given to the load. Cost: Online UPS are consisting of high cost, but offline UPS are very low cost. So CPIPL gives solution in as online ups dealers and offline ups dealers with our expertise.

Generally we believes that ups battery system, that is important to use the correct volts when choosing the adapter as a device can only run on the rated voltage. The most common are 18V, 12V, 9V, 6V, 5V and 3V.

The UPS is more efficient as compared to the inverter. The UPS provides the electric backup to the appliances without delay and fluctuation. And, the inverter is a medium between the primary power supply and the battery.CPIPL take honor as ups leading ups supplier in Mumbai as well Inverter dealers in Mumbai.

UPS Bypass mode is when you switch the circuit from going through the UPS to going around or bypassing it. A manual bypass switch is used to remove the Online UPS system from the circuit for servicing or maintenance or if it is no longer working correctly.

Best to leave it on so the battery keeps a float charge. If you do insist on turning it off at least make sure it stays on for several hours every now and then to keep the battery topped up. Lot of electronics don’t like on/off cycles, though a UPS is simple enough I don’t think it would care too much.

CPIPL offers to understand end user point of view that kVA is a unit of apparent power, which is electrical power unit. 1 kilo-volt-ampere is equal to 1000 volt-ampere: 1kVA = 1000VA. 1 kilo-volt-ampere is equal to 1000 times 1 volt times 1 ampere: 1kVA = 1000⋅1V⋅1A.

Batteries can store only Direct Current (DC) power. AC power cannot be stored unless converted to DC (which is done by using transformer and recifier+filter circuitry). There are primarily two modes of operation of the UPS i.e. Mains mode and Inverter mode. CPIPL offers special rates for ups battery in each make of Exide batteries supplier along with Rocket battery dealers & Quanta batteries in Domestic level as well export Globally.




Wednesday, 28 June 2023

Power Backup Solution in Mumbai, Thane & pan India

 


Costa Power Industries Pvt. Ltd. objective is to stimulate economic development through the off-grid renewable energy technologies for rural and small cities of Maharashtra and in India. While often grid extension is not a feasible option, but considering vast topography of rural area and small cities decentralized solutions are often the better alternative to alleviate energy poverty: they are cost-effective over the system’s lifetime, easy-to-deploy, install and maintain and their design can be tailored to demand needs. Plus, these regions offer abundant renewable energy resources. And as we have since in this field from several areas always providing solution like off grid solar inverter system, sine wave Inverter power backup dealer, ups system supplier, Battery backup system Solar panel system Emerson ups dealerAPC ups dealerLuminous Inverter dealer & ups AMC service in areas like Luminous inverter in JalgaonInverter battery in Chalisgaon ups system in Nashik,  ups supplier in Aurangabad, Pune, Sinnar, Auurangabad, Satara, Sangli, Nagpur, Dhule, Thane, Navimumbai,  Khandwa and all small cities of Maharashtra as social cause.

This initiative Costa has taken to develop dealers and partner in rural areas for sales and service for power products and electric backup which is  about the added value that energy storage offers to rural areas. So Costa planned to start small residential unit to develop such engagement in rural areas for development of small industries and agricultural field.

The success of the campaign has been built upon the expertise of a group of Costa Power Industries Pvt. Ltd. technical team for their research and finding out new segment as well as new opportunities  of rural electrification experts.

The position of Costa has a focus on electromechanical energy storage, in particular on four different families of ups battery in Jalgaon, ups dealer in nasik, Home Inverter in jalgaon, Home ups in Chalisgaon and solar panel system in Maharashtra  as they remain the main technology applied to off-grid. We are proud to be as providing and responding each enquiry from rural areas for their need with cost effective manner.

Energy storage represents a key element to ensure the proper functioning of any system and will contribute to the positive development of the entire industry:

  • Batteries will improve the system’s performance and lead to economic savings over its lifetime and thereby lower operational costs if properly designed and maintained. Costa Power Industries Pvt. Ltd. is giving proper solution in ups battery in Jalgaon as well as in small cities like Jalagaon, Aurangabad, Nasik, Khandwa and in Maharashtra.
  • The remote areas where off-grid renewable energies operate are vast and diverse. Thanks to the existence of different chemical battery families, each of them with its own specific features, storage systems can be designed to play a wide range of roles perfectly fitting local conditions. We are supplying Luminous inverter in Jalgaon, Inverter battery in Chalisgaonups system in Nashik, ups supplier in Aurangabad and ups battery manufacturers in Maharashtra

Thanks to the experience gained with the “Small Wind Campaign”, the expertise of the Energy Storage Task Force and the support of the industry for rural areas and small Cities., Costa expects to facilitate business dialogue between private and public sector on the advantages of energy storage that undoubtedly will make a difference in the long way towards achieving universal access to reliable and sustainable electricity in remote areas.

For details –

Visit – www.upsbatteriesindia.com

Enquire – sales@upsbatteriesindia.com  / sunil@upsbatteriesindia.com

Call – 9820710392 / 9372217661




Thursday, 15 June 2023

UPS Repairing Service in Mumbai

 



UPS Repair Service center at Costa

Due course of time all businesses purchase UPS equipment for the same reason: to protect their data and equipment during power outages. When a UPS fails, companies often quickly replace it with an expensive new unit, resulting in a hit to both their productivity and budget. Costa Power Industries Pvt. Ltd. UPS repair service in Mumbai as well across India is a better solution. For about 50% of the cost of a replacement unit, Costa Power can repair your all make UPS and quickly return your unit complete with new UPS batteries and a full six month to one year warranty.

Costa Power UPS repair process:

Our team of ups-trained technicians performs over thirty “checks” and all necessary reconfiguration in order to rectify unit to ups specifications and add years of life to each unit. As the only company with access to ups Engineering Change Orders, repaired units often leave our shop working better than the originals.

Why Choose Us to UPS Repairing Service or ups amc service?

Servicing your unit through our repair program typically costs about 50% less than purchasing new, and our expert repair methods can extend the life of your unit for another 3-5 years. Plus, when you choose ups repair from Costa Power your business is taking an important step by choosing the green alternative —  keeping ups units that still have life out of landfills.

UPS repair in Mumbai and Return Is Easy and Efficient

Costa Power makes UPS repair service and return a simple process; we deploy packing materials and shipping labels directly to your site to retrieve a unit in need of repair. Once the unit hits our dock, we’ll completely recondition the unit, including the installment of new batteries, complete recalibration of the unit, and execution of any applicable ECO’s, if needed. Once the unit is completely recertified, we’ll send it back to you.

For details –

Visit – www.upsbatteriesindia.com

Enquire – sales@upsbatteriesindia.com  / sunil@upsbatteriesindia.com Call – 9820710392 / 9372217661



Saturday, 3 June 2023

Ensuring Uninterrupted Power Supply


Introduction:

In today's fast-paced world, where every second counts, a sudden power outage can cause substantial disruptions and financial losses for businesses and individuals alike. To safeguard against such contingencies, uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems have become a necessity. As a leading player in the industry, Costa Power Industries Pvt. Ltd. is committed to providing reliable and efficient UPS solutions to businesses across various sectors. In this blog, we will delve into the world of UPS systems, exploring their benefits, types, and the wide range of products offered by Costa Power Industries.

Uninterruptible Power Supply Explained:

An uninterruptible power supply, commonly known as a UPS, is an electrical device that provides emergency power to critical loads when the primary power source fails or fluctuates beyond acceptable levels. It acts as a bridge between the main power source and the connected devices, ensuring uninterrupted operation and protecting against data loss, equipment damage, and productivity disruptions.

Types of UPS Systems:

1. Online UPS:

   Online UPS systems provide the highest level of protection by continuously supplying power from the battery, independent of the quality of the input power source. These systems offer seamless transition during power outages and are ideal for critical applications that cannot tolerate any power disruption.

2. Offline UPS:

   Offline UPS systems, also known as standby UPS, monitor the incoming power supply and switch to battery backup when an interruption occurs. While they provide basic protection against power disturbances, there might be a slight delay during switchover, which can impact sensitive equipment.

3. Industrial UPS:

   Industrial UPS systems are specifically designed to cater to the demanding power requirements of industrial setups. They are built to withstand harsh environments, voltage fluctuations, and high electrical loads, ensuring continuous operation of machinery and preventing costly downtimes.

Benefits of UPS Systems:

- Uninterrupted Operation: UPS systems keep critical equipment running during power outages, preventing data loss and ensuring continuous productivity.

- Surge Protection: UPS units safeguard connected devices against power surges and voltage spikes, extending their lifespan and minimizing repair costs.

- Voltage Regulation: UPS systems provide stable and regulated power, protecting sensitive electronic equipment from damage caused by inconsistent power supply.

- Seamless Transitions: Online UPS systems offer seamless switchover between power sources, ensuring a smooth transition without any disruptions.

Costa Power Industries: Your Trusted UPS Partner

Costa Power Industries Pvt. Ltd. is a renowned name in the UPS industry, known for its commitment to quality, reliability, and customer satisfaction. As a leading UPS manufacturer, supplier, and dealer, Costa Power offers a comprehensive range of UPS systems, stabilizers, and UPS batteries to meet diverse power backup requirements.

Why Choose Costa Power Industries?

1. High-Quality Products: Costa Power Industries prides itself on delivering superior UPS systems that are built to last, ensuring optimal performance and durability.

2. Customized Solutions: With a deep understanding of the unique needs of different industries, Costa Power offers tailor-made UPS solutions to cater to specific requirements.

3. Professional Support: Costa Power's team of experts provides professional guidance, installation, and after-sales support, ensuring a seamless experience for customers.

4. Extensive Product Portfolio: Whether you need online UPS, offline UPS, industrial UPS, or UPS batteries, Costa Power Industries has a wide range of products to choose from.

Conclusion:

In a world heavily reliant on technology, uninterruptible power supply systems have become indispensable for businesses and individuals alike. Costa Power Industries Pvt. Ltd., with its extensive experience and commitment to excellence, stands out as a trusted provider of UPS solutions. By investing in a reliable UPS system from Costa Power, businesses can ensure uninterrupted operations, protect valuable equipment, and mitigate the risks associated. 



Tuesday, 16 May 2023

Why UPS is best?

 


If we talk about the UPS brands, we can found lots of in the market. Out of them the latest one is Microtek UPSEmerson UPSNumeric UPSLuminous UPSHitachi UPS, APC UPSDelta UPS etc. Though the competition has been raised highly. The UPS produced by the manufacturer have been proven as so innovative and best substitute of getting light. With the use of Microtek UPS, Emerson UPS, APC UPS people can feel the comfort and relaxation in their daily life.

The inventors of Microtek India have own all types of best features so that they can provide the light for longer hours to the people. With its superior functioning and quality standard machines, UPS has won millions of people’s hearts. In short, Microtek, Emerson, APC has shown the technology which is getting stronger day by day. That is why UPS is now the best solution for power outage and voltage fluctuations.

Costa Power Industries Pvt. Ltd. ups company is one of the best Industrial ups manufacturer and Suppliers of best ups, industrial ups manufacturers in India. Find here best offered price Industrial UPS Systems. Get info of suppliers, manufacturers, exporters, traders of Industrial UPS Systems for your requirements. Costa Power is global market leader and accepted brand for ups suppliersups dealersups battery dealers, inverters & precision cooling system.

You can found not one but various reasons to choose UPS as the solution of power cuts. Some are given below :

  • Excellent performance for long hours.
  • The advanced battery management with charging capacity upgrades the life of the UPS and makes it stay awake for more hours furthermore doles out it the ability to charge rapidly.
  • The capacity of operating so many appliances simultaneously.
  • The outside is made with materials sufficiently intense to oppose wear and tear.



Thursday, 20 April 2023

Customer-specific requirements make our work so much more interesting.

 


Costa Power Industries Pvt. Ltd. has enjoyed success as a ups Suppliermanufacturer and Service Provider on the market for uninterruptible power supply systems (UPS) for almost remarkable  years. Over those years, we have become a watchword for reliability and quality and we are one of India’s leading Distributors & manufacturers of UPS systems. This success was only possible through continuous further development involving the use of innovative technologies, efficient solutions for power storage and management and the commitment of, at the present time, about 80 Employees & payroll staff.

Costa Power is also your competent point of contact for Emerson / APC / Hitachi & Numeric and BPE UPS systems and for very short production runs of standard housing or for installation in control cabinets or on top hat rails. We also supply SMF Batteries of Exide & Quanta Amaron Make, invertersServo Voltage Stabilizers, power units for all needs as well as DC UPS units for the telecommunications sector or for wireless operators. Our product range is now supplemented by our successful photovoltaic products.

Costa Power also has a global sales network that makes our product available in more than 70 countries around the world.

For the management of uninterruptible power supply systems, access to important data is just as important as having batteries that function reliably: For the management of your UPS equipment, all ways forward are open with Costa Power thanks to proven software and optimum expansion hardware – from automatic alarm systems to remote control of UPS systems.

Uninterruptible power supply units with a great price-performance ratio. Due to their design as devices, the Line-Interactive systems from Costa Power offer a cost-effective way of protecting telecommunications systems, desktop PCs, CAD systems, PLC controllers or small servers

Online double conversion UPS from CPIPL are the ideal way to protect sensitive computers, measuring devices and other items of equipment that depend upon an excellent quality of power supply – even when there is a mains power failure. This means that continuous UPS converters from CPIPL do more than protect against voltage spikes and voltage fluctuations. They also convert the outgoing frequency of current into the optimum frequency range and deliver clean sine voltage.

Having full control over the performance capability of batteries is important for the protection of valuable technical systems and devices. With its battery management range, CPIPL provides the hardware and software required to maintain full control at all times.

Customer-specific requirements make our work so much more interesting. We are always pleased to develop and build UPS units for tasks that require solutions that cannot be found in our standard catalog.

We design a UPS to have the performance capability that it needs in respect of power and protection level – either for powering down a technical facility safely after a mains power failure or to keep it operating for hours or even days. Examples of this would be important devices in hospitals, in public places or for other critically important systems.



Tuesday, 4 April 2023

Servo Stabilizer


  Servo stabilizer is a system, which provides stable Alternate Current (AC) output voltage where the input power supply voltage changes drastically. It protects the costly equipment from high and low voltage problems. Makes your electrical appliance more durable and improves the life by preventing damage due to fluctuations. Saves energy and makes the appliance more efficient. Increase in production. Improved safety and protection of your appliances. Servo stabilizer are a must have device for printing industry and for machines such as flexographic machines, Offset lithography, Flexography, Digital printing inkjet & xerography etc. A slight change in voltage variation may create havoc of printed material When the Servo stabilizer receives an input current, with fluctuating voltage, the microprocessors in the electronic circuitry triggers the Servo motor driver. This in turn activates the servo motor, which moves across the windings of the auto-transformer. Commonly, servos are electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic. They operate on the principle of negative feedback, where the control input is compared to the actual position of the mechanical system as measured by some type of transducer at the output. Servo motors come in many sizes and in three basic types. The three types include positional rotation, continuous rotation, and linearServo motors come in two basic types: AC and DC. Each type is designed for a different range of applications, but both can be found in various industrial and domestic machines and devices. The standard voltage is 4.8 V DC, however 6 V and 12 V is also used on a few servos. The control signal is a digital PWM signal with a 50 Hz frame rate. Within each 20 ms timeframe, an active-high digital pulse controls the position. Basically, there are two types of Servo models that prevail in the market today. The one is a Servo oil cooled stabilizer and the other is Servo air cooled stabilizer. Both these types of apparatus work on the same principle, i.e. stabilization of voltage and regulating the output.

Costa Power Industries Pvt. Ltd. is a having global exposure as Manufacturer, supplier, Distributor and dealers of Stabilizer systemVoltage Stabilizer supplier, Voltage Stabilizer power supplier, Voltage Stabilizer dealers, Voltage stabilizer system in MumbaiVoltage Stabilizer dealers in Mumbai, Voltage Stabilizer dealers in Thanethree phase stabilizer supplier in Mumbai. As headquarter is in economic capital of India, located in Mumbai and branches at PAN IndiaCosta Power Industries Pvt. Ltd. had started its operation in the field Since 5 years successfully offering turnkey project services in the field of Electrical, Automation, Instrumentation, Energy Saving and Control with qualified & experience working team with solid technical background. It ranges from 300 V – 470V. The Stabilizer rating ranges from 3 KVA to 1000 KVA with Air-cooled & Oil cooled variant. Every Industrial Appliance is different, and each area has its unique power challenges. The collective experience of our engineers and deployments is so broad that we have guidelines to provide an exact any challenge that could possibly pop up on the job site. Whether you have High Voltage or Low Voltage or Continuously varying voltage, we can provide you an apt Stabilizer Solution. Costa Power has pioneered the Three Phase Servo Controlled Voltage Stabilizers, which are used widely for Industrial Applications.

ups battery dealers in Mumbai

Costa Power  is certified company with ISO 9001: 2015 registration. We are trustworthy channel partner, trader,  ups battery distributors in...